In the 1980s, phonograph use declined sharply due to the popularity of cassettes and the rise of the compact disc, as well as the later introduction of digital music distribution in the 2000s. In the 1960s, the use of 8-track cartridges and cassette tapes were introduced as alternatives. The disc phonograph record was the dominant commercial audio recording format throughout most of the 20th century. Later improvements through the years included modifications to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, pickup system, and the sound and equalization systems. In the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near the center, coining the term gramophone for disc record players, which is predominantly used in many languages. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s and introduced the graphophone, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a zigzag groove around the record. The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a "record".
The Edison Phonograph models have been very well researched and we would like to recognise those efforts by referring you to these books on the subject, as they completely and precisely detail each make and model. Benefit of the lid was that it dampened playing noise, leaving only the pure music eminating from the enclosed horn.
To access the phonograph you had to open a lid. Later Edison phonographs, from around 1912 to 1929 were called "Amberola", and were phonographs contained within tabletop or floor standing cabinets. The Opera phonograph was made for 4 minute cylinders and where the mandrel traversed under a fixed reproducer.Īnd of course an array of early electric phonographs, as well as phonographs set up to be operated by money for operation in bars and public places. The Concert phonographs playing the large Concert size cylinders. These models could be equipped with a variety of horns.
Initially 2 minute wax cylinders, and as the models progressed, also 4 minute Amberol cylinders (needing a different stylus and feedscrew gearing. Models of sizes and models are numerous Gem, Standard, Home, Fireside, Triumph & Idelia, playing standard size cylinders. Edison Cylinder phonographs were the dominant cylinder phonographs all around the world from 1877 when Edison first invented the phonograph until 1929 when demand for cylinder phonographs had all but faded, and the last cylinder machine was made.Įdison machine were extremely well made and any machine that has survived the last century will probably be playing as well today as when it left the factory.
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